Past Perfect Continuous Tense

UNIT VIII
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(Bentuk lampau selesai sedang berlangsung)
A.    Penggunaan :
Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang telah terjadi sedang berjalan langsung, ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
B.     Keterangan waktu :
Keterangan waktu Past Perfect Continuous tense, hampir sama penggunaannya dan saling bergantian dengan Past Perfect tense jadi yang dipentingkan tergantung kontek kalimat dalam pembicaraan.
-          … when                      :   ketika
-          … by last                     :   menjelang … yang lalu
-          … by yesterday           :   menjelang kemarin
C.    Susunan kalimat :
  1. Positive (+) :
(+) Subject + had + been + V ing
Subject
had
been
Verb ing
Object
I
had
been
writing
a story
You
We
They
buying
cleaning
playing
a shirt
the room
tennis
He
She
It
going
giving
swimming
to school
a present
very fast
  1. Negative (-) :
(-) Subject + had not + been + V ing
Subject
had
not
been
Verb ing
Object
I
had
not
been
writing
a story
You
We
They
buying
cleaning
playing
a shirt
the room
tennis
He
She
It
going
giving
swimming
to school
a present
very fast
  1. Interrogative (?)
(?) Had + Subject + been + V ing ?
Had
Subject
been
Verb ing
Object
Had
I
been
writing
a story?
You
We
They
buying
cleaning
playing
a shirt?
the room?
tennis?
He
She
It
going
giving
swimming
to school?
a present?
very fast?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

I had been singing

How do we make the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

The structure of the past perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + auxiliary verb BE + main verb

conjugated in simple past tense
past participle
present participle
had been base + ing
For negative sentences in the past perfect continuous tense, we insert not after the first auxiliary verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb
auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had
been working.
+ You had
been playing tennis.
- It had not been working well.
- We had not been expecting her.
? Had you
been drinking?
? Had they
been waiting long?
When speaking with the past perfect continuous tense, we often contract the subject and first auxiliary verb:
I had been I'd been
you had been you'd been
he had
she had been
it had been
he'd been
she'd been
it'd been
we had been we'd been
they had been they'd been

How do we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the past before another action in the past. For example:
  • Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours.
Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.
past present future
Ram starts waiting in past at 9am.

9
11


I arrive in past at 11am.

Here are some more examples:
  • John was very tired. He had been running.
  • I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking.
  • Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised. It had not been running well for a long time.
  • Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?
You can sometimes think of the past perfect continuous tense like the present perfect continuous tense, but instead of the time being now the time is past.
past perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tense
had |
been |
doing |
>>>> |
|
|
|
|


|
|
|
|
have |
been |
doing |
>>>> |




past now future
past now future
For example, imagine that you meet Ram at 11am. Ram says to you:
  • "I am angry. I have been waiting for two hours."
Later, you tell your friends:
  • "Ram was angry. He had been waiting for two hours."
The past perfect continuous tense is used to talk about longer situations that continued up to the moment in the past we are talking about.

Past Perfect Continuous Timeline

For example:
"By the time I left England we had been living in Bristol for five years."
"Her back was sore because she had been sitting at the computer all day."
It is also used to say how long something went on for, up to a time in the past.
For example:-
We apologised because we had kept them waiting for 3 hours.
We apologised because we had kept them waiting since lunchtime.
!Note It is always for a length of time and since a point in time.

Tidak ada komentar:

Posting Komentar